Ligustrum L.

Type species: Ligustrum vulgare L.

Synonyms (links to GRIN): Esquirolia, Faulia, Ligustridium, Parasyringa, Phlyarodoxa, Visiania

Distribution: Eurasia, Australia and N America

Number of species: 45

Description (from Flora of China): Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or evergreen. Leaves opposite, simple, short petiolate; leaf blade entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles of cymes, rarely lateral. Flowers bisexual, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx campanulate, truncate or 4-toothed, persistent. Corolla white, rotate, funnelform, or salverform, 4-lobed; lobes ca. as long as or shorter than corolla tube, valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted at mouth of corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers yellow or sometimes purple, oblong. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style shorter than stamens; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a berrylike drupe with membranous or papery endocarp, rarely drupaceous or loculicidal. Seeds 1-4; endosperm fleshy; radicle short, upward.

Links to species lists

• Ligustrum extracted from the GRIN database
• Ligustrum extracted from the BONAP (Biota of North America Program)
• Ligustrum in Flora of China
• Ligustrum in Flora Europaea
• Ligustrum in the Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) database

Images

• My photos of Ligustrum japonicum (fruiting), Ligustrum lucidum (flowering) and Ligustrum vulgare (flowering)
• Ligustrum japonicum and L. vulgare from Vascular Plant Image Library, Digital Flora of Texas
• Ligustrum japonicum from The Tsukuba Botanical Garden (Japan)
• Ligustrum japonicum from Desert Tropicals Home Page
• Ligustrum lucidum from Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
• Ligustrum ovalifolium from Gerald D. Carr at University of Hawaii at Manoa
• Ligustrum sinense from Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
• Ligustrum vulgare from Nordens Flora

References

• Bai, P. Y. 1979. Some new taxa of Oleaceae from Tibet, China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 1(1): 151-156.
• Chang, M. C. & Miao, B. M. 1986. Studies on the genus Ligustrum (Oleaceae) of East Asia. Invest. Stud. Nat. Mus. Hist. Nat. Shanghaiense 6: 21-116.
• Goel, A. K. & Rao, M. K. V. & Mehrotra, B. N. 1985. Ligustrum glomeratum, new record (Oleaceae) for India from South Andamans. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 7(2): 484-486.
• Green, P. S. 1978. Ligustrum compactum var. velutinum. Bot. Mag. 182: 45-47, t. ns579.
• Green, P. S. 1985. Ligustrum robustum ssp. walkeri (Oleaceae). Kew Bull. 40: 130.
• Green, P. S. 1990. Ligustrum (Oleaceae) in southern India. Kew Bull. 45(4): 693-696.
• Green, P. S. 1995. Taxonomic notes relating to Ligustrum (Oleaceae). Kew Bull. 50(2): 379-386.
• Halse, R. R. 1997. Ligustrum vulgare L. (Oleaceae). Madrono 44(4): 397-398.
• Höfker, H. 1915. Übersicht über die Gattung Ligustrum. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 51-66.
• Imkhanitskaya, N. N. 1998. The family Oleaceae in the Caucasus flora. 2. The genera Ligustrum and Osmanthus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal St Petersburg 83(10): 100-104.
• Kiew, R. 1978. Florae Malesianae praecursores LVII. The Oleaceae of Malesia. I. The genus Ligustrum. Blumea 24: 143-149.
• Koehne, E. 1904. Ligustrum Sect. Ibota In: Urban, I. & Graebner, P. (Hrsg.), Festschrift zur Feier des siebzigsten Geburtstages des Herrn Professor Dr. Paul Ascherson, pp. 182-208. Leipzig: Borntraeger.
• Koehne, E. 1904. Ligustrum Sect. Ibota Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 13: 192-200.
• Lawrence, T. J. & Green, P. S. 1993. The anatomy of a dehiscent berry. Kew Bull. 48(1): 53-57.
• Lu, S. Y. & Yang, Y. P. 1988. The systematics of Ligustrum (Oleaceae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute New Series 3(2): 121-130.
• Mansfeld, R. 1924. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Gattung Ligustrum. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59(132): 19-79.
• Milano, V. A. 1949. Las especies del género “Ligustrum” cultivadas en la Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agrícolas 3(4): 353-380.
• Montaldo, N. H. 1993. Avian dispersal and reproductive success of two species of Ligustrum (Oleaceae) in a subtropical forest relict in Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 66(1): 75-85.
• Nesom, G. 2009. Taxonomic overview of Ligustrum (Oleaceae) naturalized in North America north of Mexico. Phytologia 91(3): 467-482.
• Obeso, J. R. & Grubb, P. J. 1993. Fruit maturation in the shrub Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaceae): Lack of defoliation effects. Oikos 68(2): 309-316.
• Rohwer, J. G. 1996. The fruits of Ligustrum regelianum and Osmanthus heterophyllus (Oleaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118(2): 177-186.
• Souèges, R. 1942. Embryogénie des Oléacées. Développement de l’embryon chez le Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 215: 328-330.
• Srivastava, S. K. 1998. Ligustrum L. (Oleaceae) in India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 22(3): 617-626.

Maintained by Eva Wallander | Last updated: 2010-10-14