The molecular phylogeny and a proposed new classification was first included in my PhD thesis (Wallander 2001). The molecular analysis was thereafter expanded and the classification revised (Wallander 2008). In 2012 I updated it and accepted six more species and in 2013 two species were merged. Currently, the 48 species below are accepted (Wallander 2013).
| Section | Species | Common synonyms | English name | Distribution |
| Dipetalae | anomala Torr. ex S. Wats. | lowelli Sarg., potosina T. S. Brandeg. | Dwarf Ash, Singleleaf Ash, Utah Ash | SW USA, C Mexico |
| dipetala Hook. et Arn. | jonesii Lingelsh., trifoliata (Torr.) Lewis & Epling, parryi Moran | Two-petal Ash, Foothill Ash, California Flowering Ash | SW USA, NW Mexico (Baja California) | |
| quadrangulata Michx. | Blue Ash | E & C USA, C Canada | ||
| Ornus | apertisquamifera Hara | Japan | ||
| baroniana Diels | Baroni's ash | China | ||
| bungeana DC | Bunge's Ash | China | ||
| chinensis Roxb. ssp. chinensis | caudata J. L. Wu, lingelsheimii Rehder, medicinalis S. S. Sun, rhynchophylla Hance var. huashanensis J. L. Wu & Z. W. Xie, sargentiana Lingelsh., szaboana Lingelsh., yunnanensis Lingelsh. | Chinese Ash | China, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand | |
| chinensis Roxb. ssp. rhynchophylla (Hance) E. Murray | japonica Blume ex K. Koch, rhynchophylla Hance | Korean Ash | China, Korea, Japan, SE Russia | |
| floribunda Wall. | retusa Champ. ex Benth., insularis Hemsl., odontocalyx Handel-Mazzetti ex E. Peter, stylosa Lingelsh., fallax Lingelsh. | Himalayan Ash | Afghanistan through Himalaya to SE Asia | |
| griffithii G. B. Clarke | bracteata Hemsley, ferruginea Lingelsh., formosana Hayata, philippinensis Merr., guilinensis S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei | Griffith's Ash, Evergreen Ash | SE Asia (from NE India to Japan and Indonesia) | |
| hopeiensis Tang | China | |||
| lanuginosa Koidz. | Japanese Flowering Ash | Japan | ||
| longicuspis Sieb. & Zucc. | borealis Nakai | Japanese Ash | Japan | |
| malacophylla Hemsl. | retusifoliolata Feng ex P. Y. Bai | China, Thailand | ||
| micrantha Lingelsh. | Himalaya | |||
| ornus L. | Manna Ash | Mediterranean area, N Africa and SW Asia | ||
| paxiana Lingelsh. | depauperata (Lingelsh.) Z. Wei, sikkimensis (Lingelsh.) Handel-Mazzetti, suaveolens W. W. Smith | Pax’s ash | Himalaya, China | |
| raibocarpa Regel | C Asia | |||
| sieboldiana Blume | mariesii Hook. f. | Chinese Flowering Ash | China, Japan, Korea | |
| trifoliolata W. W. Smith | punctata S. Y. Hu | China | ||
| Fraxinus | angustifolia Vahl ssp. angustifolia | rotundifolia Mill. (nom. rejected), parvifolia Lam. (nom. illegit.) oxyphylla ssp. angustifolia (Vahl) P. Fourn., oxycarpa Willd. var. angustifolia (Vahl) Lingelsh., excelsior L. ssp. excelsior var. angustifolia (Vahl) Fiori & Paol. | Narrow-leaved Ash | SW Europe, NW Africa |
| angustifolia Vahl ssp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso | oxycarpa Willd., oxyphylla M. Bieb. (nom. illeg.), pallisiae A. J. Willmott, pojarkoviana V.N.Vassil. | Caucasian Ash | SE & C Europe | |
| angustifolia Vahl ssp. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt. | syriaca Boiss., oxycarpa Willd. var. syriaca (Boiss.) Yalt., potamophila Herder, regelii Dippel, sogdiana Bunge, turkestanica Carr. | Syrian Ash | Turkey to C Asia | |
| excelsior L. | coriariifolia Scheele | Common Ash, European Ash | C & N Europe | |
| mandshurica Rupr. | nigra ssp. mandshurica (Rupr.) S. S. Sun, mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. | Manchurian Ash | E Asia (China, Japan, Korea, E Russia) | |
| nigra Marsh. | sambucifolia Lam. | Black Ash | E USA, SE Canada | |
| Melioides | albicans Buckl. | texensis (Gray) Sarg., americana L. var. texensis A. Gray, americana L. ssp. texensis (Gray) G. N. Miller | Texas Ash | SW USA (Oklahoma, Texas), N Mexico |
| americana L. | White Ash, American ash | E USA, SE Canada | ||
| berlandieriana DC. | americana L. var. berlandieriana (DC.) Wesmael, pubescens Lam. var. berlandieriana (DC.) Wenz., pubescens Lam. var. lindheimeri Wenz., trialata Buckl., viridis Michx. var. berlandieriana (DC.) A. Gray, viridis Michx. var. trialata (Buckley) Schelle | Berlandier Ash, Mexican Ash | SW USA, NE, C & E Mexico | |
| biltmoreana Beadle | americana L. var. biltmoreana (Beadle) J.Wright | Biltmore Ash | E USA | |
| caroliniana Mill. | platycarpa Michx., triptera Nutt., rehderiana Lingelsh. | Water Ash, Carolina Ash, Pop Ash | SE USA | |
| coriacea S. Wats. | velutina var. coriacea (S. Wats.) Rehd., pistaciaefolia Torr. var. coriacea (S. Wats.) | Leather-leaved Ash | SW USA, NW Mexico | |
| cubensis Griseb. | caroliniana Mill. var. cubensis (Griseb.) Lingelsh., caroliniana Mill. ssp. cubensis (Griseb.) Borh., pennsylvanica Marsh. var. cubensis (Griseb.) E. Murray | Cuban Water Ash | S Florida, Cuba | |
| latifolia Benth. | oregona Nutt., pennsylvanica Marsh. ssp. oregona (Wesmael) Mill. | Oregon Ash | W USA, SW Canada | |
| papillosa Lingelsh. | Chihuahuan Ash | SW USA, N Mexico | ||
| pauciflora Nutt. | floridana (Wenzig) Sarg., hybrida Lingelsh., profunda var. ashei E. J. Palmer | Swamp white ash, pop white ash, water white ash, Florida Ash | SE USA (Florida, S Georgia) | |
| pennsylvanica Marsh. | lanceolata Borkh., pubescens Lam., tomentosa Michx. f. (nom. rej.) | Red Ash, Green Ash | C & E USA, S Canada | |
| profunda (Bush) Bush | tomentosa Michx. f. (has been applied to profunda but nomenclaturally a synonym of pennsylvanica), michauxii Britt., americana L. var. profunda Bush, pennsylvanica Marsh. var. profunda (Bush) Sudworth, pennsylvanica Marsh. ssp. profunda (Bush) A. E. Murray michauxii Britt. | Pumpkin Ash | E USA, Canada | |
| smallii Britt. | americana L. var. coriacea Sarg. | Small’s Ash | E USA | |
| uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsh. | americana L. var. uhdei Wenzig, cavekiana Standley & Steyerm., chiapensis Lundell, hondurensis Standley | Shamel Ash, Tropical Ash, Fresno | Mexico, C America, cult. Hawaii, Puerto Rico | |
| velutina Torr | pennsylvanica Marsh. ssp. velutina (Torr.) G. N. Miller, attenuata M.E. Jones, pistaciaefolia Torr., toumeyi Britton, standleyi Rehder, toumeyi Britt. | Velvet Ash, Arizona Ash, Desert Ash, Smooth Ash, Toumey Ash, Fresno | SW USA, N & C Mexico | |
| Pauciflorae | schideana Schlecht. & Cham. | dubia (Willd. ex Schult & Schult f.) P. S. Green & M. Nee, petenensis Lundell | E Mexico, Guatemala | |
| gooddingii Little | Goodding's Ash | SW USA (Arizona), N Mexico (Sonora) | ||
| greggii A. Gray | schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. var. parviflora Torr, nummularis M. E. Jones | Gregg's Ash, Littleleaf Ash | SW USA (Texas), NE & C Mexico | |
| purpusii Brandegee | vellerea Standley & Steyerm., bicolor Standley & Steyerm. | NE & C Mexico, Guatemala | ||
| rufescens Lingelsh. | C Mexico | |||
| Sciadanthus | xanthoxyloides (G. Don) Wall. ex DC. | dimorpha Coss. & Dur. | Afghan Ash, Algerian Ash | NW Africa (Algeria, Morocco) and Himalayas |
| hubeiensis S. Z. Qu, C. B. Shang & P. L. Su | China | |||
| incertae sedis | cuspidata Torr. | macropetala Eastw. | Fragrant Ash, Flowering Ash | SW USA, N Mexico |
| chiisanensis Nakai | Korea | |||
| platypoda Oliv. | spaethiana Lingelsh. | China, Japan |
Maintained by Eva Wallander | Last updated: 2022-01-22